Amigo's answer
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How to approach it
Show that you can make progress without perfect information. Explain how you clarify what you can, make reasonable assumptions, move forward in small steps and adjust as you learn.
Example answer
"I break ambiguous problems into what I know, what I can find out quickly and what I'll need to assume. When I was asked to “improve retention” with no further detail, I pulled churn data, spoke to five customers and wrote down my assumptions in a one-pager. I shared it with my manager within a week, we agreed on a focus area and ran a small experiment that reduced churn by 8% in that segment."